{"id":15578,"date":"2019-06-15T18:55:28","date_gmt":"2019-06-15T16:55:28","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/mag.bynez.com\/uncategorized\/manifeste-pour-une-culture-olfactive-par-caro-verbeek-fr-en-it\/"},"modified":"2021-03-11T17:28:39","modified_gmt":"2021-03-11T16:28:39","slug":"soft-manifesto-on-scent-culture-caro-verbeek-en-it","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mag.bynez.com\/en\/olfactory-culture\/soft-manifesto-on-scent-culture-caro-verbeek-en-it\/","title":{"rendered":"A soft manifesto on scent culture, by Caro Verbeek (en-it)"},"content":{"rendered":"    <div id=\"chapo-block_5e86225de5bbe\" class=\"chapo\">\r\n        <blockquote class=\"chapo-blockquote\">\r\n            <span class=\"chapo-text\">Recited at the Oude Kerk by Caro Verbeek, in Amsterdam, on May 19th 2019, during the annual Art &#038; Olfaction Awards, surrounded by the scent of roses.<\/span>\r\n        <\/blockquote>\r\n        <style type=\"text\/css\">\r\n            #chapo-block_5e86225de5bbe {\r\n                background: ;\r\n                color: ;\r\n            }\r\n        <\/style>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n    \n\n\n<p><strong>\u00abI can sniff out the truth\u00bb<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Such a strong and evocative sentence. Although it sounds like something a contemporary artist (like <a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" aria-label=\"Peter de Cupere (s\u2019ouvre dans un nouvel onglet)\" href=\"http:\/\/www.peterdecupere.net\/\" target=\"_blank\">Peter de Cupere<\/a> or Sissel Tolaas) could have said, these are the exact words of one of the most influential philosophers of the modern era. Friedrich Nietzsche (1844 \u2013 1900).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The explanation for his statement was twofold. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In the first place the philosopher referred to the so called miasma theory: before the discovery of biologist Pasteur that viruses and microbes spread diseases, people used to believe stench could transmit diseases. The aroma someone exhaled conveyed a lot of information on a person&#8217;s condition. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Secondly, and more importantly, Nietzsche \u2013 who was quite rebellious &#8211; responded to a dominant belief among Enlightenment thinkers that smell (and the other so-called lower senses, taste and touch) could never lead to aesthetic experience or knowledge like sight and hearing could, because these senses don\u2019t allow for contemplation. Nietzsche however was a firm advocate of intuition as the supreme provider of knowledge, not opposed to but encompassing intellect and ratio. Smelling and intuition were highly intertwined concepts at this time (in many languages there is only one word for the two notions, such as <em>flair<\/em> in French and <em>fiuto<\/em> in Italian).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A contemporary of Nietzsche was also convinced that without the senses, and I mean all of them, there was no way of understanding the world. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>I am talking about the famous education specialist Maria Montessori (1870 \u2013 1952). <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Montessori stated that without training the senses the world be unknowable to mankind. Even moral judgment would be impossible. Without sensory perception, it is after all impossible to understand the relationship between words and objects, between our inner and external existence. She made her young students touch, smell and taste and even weigh objects and relate their findings to vocabulary and to emotions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>These two iconic figures \u2013 Nietzsche and Montessori &#8211; &nbsp;weren\u2019t even the firsts &#8211;  to support the thought that sensing, and smelling in particular could lead to profound knowledge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>And one of them comes from an entirely different unexpected field. Namely from religion.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Hildegard von Bingen was a 12<sup>th<\/sup> century, highly respected and well-known mystic, even though she was a woman. She was able to read and write and considered an intellectual. In fact, besides being a mystic this German Benedictine Abbess was a writer, composer, philosopher and visionary. <strong>Although retrospectively one might rather say \u2018olfactionary\u2019. <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"has-text-align-center wp-block-heading\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"500\" height=\"581\" class=\"wp-image-15579\" style=\"width: 300px\" src=\"https:\/\/mag.bynez.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/caro-verbeek-oude-kerk-aoa-closing-statements2.jpg\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/mag.bynez.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/caro-verbeek-oude-kerk-aoa-closing-statements2.jpg 500w, https:\/\/mag.bynez.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/caro-verbeek-oude-kerk-aoa-closing-statements2-258x300.jpg 258w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>One of her most striking thoughts was, and I quote:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\"><p><strong>\u00ab<\/strong><em>By our nose God displays the wisdom that lies like a fragrant sense of order in all works of art, just as we ought to know through our ability to smell whatever wisdom has to arrange<\/em><strong>\u00bb<\/strong><\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>One of the olfactory phenomena she was referring to was the so-called \u2018odour of sanctity\u2019, an invisible aura exuded by saints thought to have a pure soul, obtained by prayer and asceticism (not eating and drinking). This odour was an earthly expression of a divine characteristic and a sign sent by god, following the theological principle that everything earthly (or satanic) smelled foul, whereas everything divine was fragrant. &nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The most famous saint who died in an odour of sanctity was Teresa d\u2019 Avila, best known for the &nbsp;sculpture Bernini created hundreds of years later,  capturing one of her visions in stone, with an eternal orgasmic expression on her face (more on that tomorrow during Odorama, Scent from Heaven).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The moment she died her bedside attendants said the room filled with the scent of roses that grew to saturate the building.\u00a0 The convent smelt like it had erupted into bloom and cascades of invisible blossoms poured from the windows. Her grave held the scent of roses for eight months as scent expert Nuri McBride wrote so eloquently. And everyone knew and felt, just by inhaling, that Teresa was a Saint of the highest order.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Some 600 years after Hildegard von Bingen\u2019s era, scents weren\u2019t only considered the highest manifestations of divine presence, &nbsp;learning from smells could even save lives here on earth. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Alain Corbin reconstructed the social history of 18<sup>th<\/sup> century France through the perspective of the nose, or with an <em>olfactory gaze<\/em>. Physicians and medics and other professionals at the time were employed by the city to detect, describe and eliminate the foul and dangerous smells of the French capital to safeguard public health. This means that these professionals entertained a vast and more or less <em>objective<\/em> olfactory vocabulary.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The reason I mention all these historical examples is because: <\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>a apparent lack of olfactory vocabulary<\/strong>,<\/li><li><strong>smell\u2019s supposedly historical insignificant role in society<\/strong>,<\/li><li><strong>the subjective nature of smell,<\/strong><\/li><li><strong>olfaction\u2019s low position in the classical hierarchy of the senses and subsequently ,<\/strong><\/li><li><strong>olfaction\u2019s &nbsp;absence in historical philosophical and aesthetic debate,<\/strong><\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>are often mentioned in the opening sentences of articles as reasons for the suppression, underestimation or even seclusion of the sense of smell in art and science. We retrospectively seem to think that smell has always been treated this way, that we never had any words to describe what we smell, and was always ranked as one of the lowest senses. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>If we keep communicating about the sense of smell this way, we are \u2013 perhaps unintentionally &#8211; &nbsp;actually emphasizing and helping sustain olfaction\u2019s inferior position.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Institutions such as the Institute for <a href=\"http:\/\/artandolfaction.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" aria-label=\"Art and Olfaction (s\u2019ouvre dans un nouvel onglet)\">Art and Olfaction<\/a>, artists, scholars, critics, scientists and curators have put the sense of smell on the map.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>It wouldn\u2019t be exaggerated to speak of an olfactory renaissance. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>But this renaissance is a relative one. Because it is still often taking place in encapsulated spaces and communities. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>When we talk about a \u2018rebirth\u2019 (the actual meaning of \u2018renaissance\u2019), this presupposes there has been an era in which olfaction was celebrated before. And we now know it was.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>If &#8211; with this historical knowledge in mind \u2013 we advocate the sense of smell as something that has been held in high regard throughout the ages by doctors, mystics, educationalists, philosophers, artists and society at large it would be much easier to elevate the status of olfaction among the people who are still oblivious of smell\u2019s agency and capacity. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>I would like to do a few modest suggestions to possibly obtain that:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>To all scholars (including myself): &nbsp;stop using the word \u2018lower\u2019 as an adjective for the sense of smell, taste and touch, and speak of \u2018intimate\u2019 or \u2018proximate\u2019 senses instead<\/strong>.<\/li><li><strong>To art historians: stop using the adjective \u2018olfactory\u2019 in \u2018olfactory art\u2019 in the long run and participate in symposiums that don\u2019t revolve around the sense of smell as to grow awareness among those that aren\u2019t familiar with the subject<\/strong>.<\/li><li><strong>To chemists, curators and conservators: let\u2019s set up a course and guidelines for how to use smell in museums of fine art and take away the fear of smell among museum professionals<\/strong>.<\/li><li><strong>to all artists and perfumers: keep doing what you do! You are the vehicle of a revolution<\/strong>.<\/li><li><strong>To everyone: emphasize that smell WAS NOT excluded from art, society at large, religion and philosophy, but a fundamental part of it<\/strong>.<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>That way olfaction can finally be included as a fundamental and self-evident part of the history of art.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In the meantime: let\u2019s inhale and exhale knowledge, let\u2019s restore the fragrant sense of order, let\u2019s sniff out the truth today.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>UN SOFT MANIFESTO PER LA CULTURA DELL\u2019OLFATTO<\/strong><br><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Pronunciato all&#8217;Oude Kerk di Amsterdam il 2 maggio 2019 per l&#8217;annuale <a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" aria-label=\"Art &amp; Olfaction Awards (s\u2019ouvre dans un nouvel onglet)\" href=\"http:\/\/www.artandolfactionawards.org\/\" target=\"_blank\">Art &amp; Olfaction Awards<\/a>, ambientato in un profumo di rose<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\"><p><strong>\u00ab<\/strong> <strong>Tutto il mio genio \u00e8 nel mio naso \u00bb<\/strong><\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00c8 una frase forte ed evocativa. Avremmo potuto attribuirla ad un artista contemporaneo, come <a href=\"http:\/\/www.peterdecupere.net\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" aria-label=\"Peter de Cupere (s\u2019ouvre dans un nouvel onglet)\">Peter de Cupere<\/a> o Sissel Tolaas. Invece sono le parole di Friedrich Nietzsche (1844 &#8211; 1900), uno dei filosofi pi\u00f9 noti dell&#8217;et\u00e0 moderna. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>L\u2019affermazione di Nietzsche si fa spiegare in due modi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In primo luogo il filosofo si riferiva alla cosiddetta teoria del miasma. Prima della scoperta del biologo Pasteur che le malattie vengono diffuse da virus e microbi, si pensava che fossero trasportate da puzze: gli odori emanati dal corpo umano trasmettevano informazioni sulle condizioni di una persona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In secondo luogo, e ben pi\u00f9 importante, il ribelle Nietzsche respingeva l\u2019idea dominante tra i filosofi dell&#8217;Illuminismo che l&#8217;olfatto \u2013 come gli altri cosiddetti sensi inferiori, gusto e tatto \u2013 non consente alcuna forma di contemplazione, e che non pu\u00f2 condurre ad un sapere o un&#8217;esperienza estetica come la vista e l&#8217;udito. Nietzsche favoriva l&#8217;intuizione come suprema fonte di conoscenza: non in opposizione all&#8217;intelletto e la ragione, ma come contenitore di quest\u2019ultimi. In quel periodo, olfatto e intuizione erano concettualmente intrecciati: non \u00e8 per caso che in molte lingue questi concetti si esprimono con una sola parola (si pensi a <em>flair<\/em> in francese e <em>fiuto<\/em> in italiano).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Una contemporanea di Nietzsche era convinta che senza i sensi \u2013 e intendo tutti i sensi \u2013 non c\u2019era modo di capire il mondo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Mi riferisco alla famosa psicologa&nbsp;dell\u2019educazione Maria Montessori (1870 &#8211; 1952).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Montessori afferm\u00f2 che il mondo \u00e8 inconoscibile per gli esseri umani se non attraverso i sensi. Perfino il giudizio morale diventa impossibile. Senza la percezione sensoriale \u00e8 impossibile comprendere la relazione tra parole e oggetti, tra la nostra esistenza interiore ed esteriore. La Montessori incitava i suoi giovani studenti a toccare, annusare, assaggiare e persino pesare oggetti, e a tradurre le loro esperienze in parole ed emozioni. &nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Questi due personaggi iconici, Nietzsche e Montessori, non erano i primi a sostenere l\u2019idea che la percezione sensoriale \u2013&nbsp;e l\u2019olfatto in particolare \u2013&nbsp;potessero indurre a una forma di conoscenza profonda.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Uno dei loro predecessori proviene da un campo completamente diverso e inaspettato, vale a dire la religione.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Hildegard von Bingen era una mistica del 12\u00b0 secolo, molto rispettata e ben nota bench\u00e9 fosse donna. La badessa benedettina tedesca era in grado di leggere e scrivere, ed era considerata un\u2019intellettuale: era scrittrice, compositrice, filosofa e visionaria. Forse faremmo meglio a chiamarla \u2018olfattoria\u2019.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"has-text-align-center wp-block-heading\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"500\" height=\"581\" class=\"wp-image-15579\" style=\"width: 300px\" src=\"https:\/\/mag.bynez.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/caro-verbeek-oude-kerk-aoa-closing-statements2.jpg\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/mag.bynez.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/caro-verbeek-oude-kerk-aoa-closing-statements2.jpg 500w, https:\/\/mag.bynez.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/caro-verbeek-oude-kerk-aoa-closing-statements2-258x300.jpg 258w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Ecco uno dei suoi pensieri pi\u00f9 marcati: <\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\"><p><strong>\u00ab<\/strong> Attraverso il naso Dio ci mostra la saggezza nelle opere d\u2019arte come un fragrante senso d&#8217;ordine, cos\u00ec come dovremmo conoscere attraverso la nostra capacit\u00e0 di annusare qualsiasi cosa messa in ordine dalla saggezza <strong>\u00bb<\/strong><\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>Uno dei fenomeni olfattivi a cui si riferiva \u00e8 il cosiddetto \u2018odore di santit\u00e0\u2019: un\u2019aura invisibile trasmessa da santi dall\u2019anima pura, frutto di preghiere e ascetismo (astinenza di cibi e bibite). Quest\u2019odore era l\u2019espressione terrestre di un carattere divino, il segno di Dio: rispecchia quel principio teologico che attribuisce le puzze al mondo terrestre (o satanico), e le fragranze al mondo divino.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>La persona pi\u00f9 famosa a morire avvolta dall\u2019odore di santit\u00e0 fu Teresa d&#8217;Avila. Divenne nota per la sua celebre scultura, creata dal Bernini alcune centinaia d\u2019anni dopo: egli cattur\u00f2 una delle sue visioni in pietra, cogliendo l&#8217;eterna espressione orgasmica sul suo viso (ne parler\u00f2 pi\u00f9 tardi durante Odorama, Scent from Heaven).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>I suoi assistenti al letto ricordavano che nel momento in cui Teresa mor\u00ec, la stanza si riempiva di un profumo di rose che si amplificava fino a saturare l&#8217;edificio. Il convento odorava di infiorate; come se cascate di fiori invisibili si riversassero dalle finestre. La tomba emanava un profumo di rose per otto mesi: bastava inalare l\u2019odore per sapere che Teresa era una santa di primo ordine.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Circa 600 anni dopo Hildegard von Bingen, i profumi erano le pi\u00f9 alte manifestazioni della presenza divina, e non solo: la conoscenza degli odori poteva salvare vite terrestri. &nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Nella sua ricostruzione della storia sociale della Francia del XVIII<sup>o<\/sup> secolo, Alain Corbin usa la prospettiva del naso, o uno <em>sguardo olfattivo<\/em>. Racconta come medici ed altri professionisti dell\u2019epoca erano impiegati dalla citt\u00e0 per rilevare, descrivere ed eliminare i cattivi odori della capitale francese per salvaguardare la salute pubblica. Facevano uso di un vasto vocabolario olfattivo dall\u2019aria positivista.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Il motivo per cui menziono tutti questi esempi storici \u00e8 perch\u00e9 :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>l\u2019apparente mancanza di un vocabolario olfattivo ,<\/strong><\/li><li><strong>l\u2019attribuzione limitata del ruolo dell\u2019olfatto nella nostra societ\u00e0,<\/strong><\/li><li><strong>il carattere soggettivo dell\u2019olfatto,<\/strong><\/li><li><strong>la scarsa importanza dell\u2019olfatto nella gerarchia classica dei sensi, e<\/strong><\/li><li><strong>l\u2019assenza dell\u2019olfatto nel dibattito storico, filosofico ed estetico<\/strong><\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>sono spesso citati nelle introduzioni di articoli di ricerca come motivi o cause della soppressione, la sottovalutazione o anche l&#8217;isolamento dell\u2019olfatto nell\u2019arte e nella scienza. Molti credono che l\u2019olfatto sia sempre stato trattato in questo modo; che non abbiamo mai avuto parole per descrivere ci\u00f2 che odoriamo; e che l\u2019olfatto \u00e8 da sempre considerato come uno dei sensi pi\u00f9 bassi. &nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Se continuiamo a trattare dell\u2019olfatto in questo modo, non facciamo altro che sottolineare e sostenere, involontariamente o meno, la posizione inferiore dell\u2019olfatto. &nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Organizzazioni quali l\u2019Istituto d\u2019<a href=\"http:\/\/artandolfaction.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" aria-label=\"Arte e Olfatto (s\u2019ouvre dans un nouvel onglet)\">Arte e Olfatto<\/a> (Institute for Art and Olfaction), ma anche artisti, studiosi, critici, scienziati e curatori hanno messo l\u2019olfatto in evidenza. &nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Non sarebbe esagerato parlare di una rinascita olfattiva. &nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Pertanto si tratta di un rinascimento relativo, confinato in spazi e comunit\u00e0 racchiuse. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Parlare di \u2018rinascimento\u2019 nel suo significato originale suppone che ci sia stata un\u2019epoca in cui si celebrava l\u2019olfatto. Adesso sappiamo che era proprio cos\u00ec. &nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Se \u2013 con questo dato storico in mente \u2013 proponiamo l\u2019olfatto come elemento importante nel corso dei secoli nelle vite di medici, mistici, pedagogisti, filosofi, artisti e societ\u00e0 in generale, diventa pi\u00f9 facile promuovere la cultura degli odori tra coloro che sono ancora ignari delle loro implicazioni e potenzialit\u00e0.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Vorrei dunque fare alcuni modesti suggerimenti a questi fini :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Agli studiosi in generale (inclusa me stessa): finiamola di usare l\u2019aggettivo \u2018inferiore\u2019 per i sensi dell&#8217;olfatto, del gusto e del tatto, e parliamo invece di sensi \u2018intimi\u2019 o \u2018prossimi\u2019 .<\/strong><\/li><li><strong>Agli storici dell\u2019arte: smettiamola, a lungo termine, di usare l\u2019aggettivo \u2018olfattivo\u2019 in \u2018arte olfattiva\u2019, e partecipiamo a colloqui e simposi al di fuori della cultura dell\u2019olfatto per far crescere una nuova consapevolezza tra coloro che non hanno familiarit\u00e0 con gli odori<\/strong>.<\/li><li><strong>Ai chimici, ai curatori e ai conservatori: sviluppiamo un corso e delle linee guida su come usare l\u2019olfatto nei musei delle belle arti, e familiarizziamo i professionisti museali con gli odori<\/strong>.<\/li><li><strong>Agli artisti e i profumieri: continuate cos\u00ec! Siete i veicoli di una rivoluzione .<\/strong><\/li><li><strong>A tutti: ricordiamoci che l&#8217;odore NON \u00e8 mai esistito al di fuori dell\u2019arte, della societ\u00e0 in generale, della religione e della filosofia; al contrario, \u00e8 una parte fondamentale di esse<\/strong>.<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>In questo modo l\u2019olfatto pu\u00f2 essere finalmente incluso come elemento evidente e fondamentale della storia dell\u2019arte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Nel frattempo: inspiriamo ed espiriamo conoscenza, ripristiniamo il fragrante senso dell\u2019ordine, annusiamo oggi la verit\u00e0.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Traduzione italiana di Marcello Aspria<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Recited at the Oude Kerk by Caro Verbeek, in Amsterdam, on May 19th 2019, during the annual Art &#038; Olfaction Awards, surrounded by the scent of roses.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":15580,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"pmpro_default_level":"","_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"mc4wp_mailchimp_campaign":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[677,1415],"tags":[779,984,777],"series":[],"ppma_author":[1195],"class_list":["post-15578","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-news","category-olfactory-culture","tag-caro-verbeek-en","tag-institute-for-art-and-olfaction","tag-peter-de-cupere-en","pmpro-has-access"],"pp_statuses_selecting_workflow":false,"pp_workflow_action":"current","pp_status_selection":"publish","pp_post_mime_type":"","acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - 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